AQI Factor Equity Model Update | Q3 2025
The second quarter proved to be a roller coaster, as markets dropped over 20% from their highs following the “Liberation Day” tariff announcement. However, a delay in trade policy implementation helped markets recover and return to peak levels by quarter-end.
As noted in our previous update, Q1 marked a reversal of dominant 2024 factor trends—value and quality outperformed growth-oriented factors such as momentum. However, the easing of trade tensions enabled momentum to reclaim leadership in the second quarter. Of the four factor composites utilized in GEM Factor Strategies—momentum, value, quality, and capital efficiency—only momentum has outpaced the S&P 500 on a trailing 12-month basis, driven by its exposure to technology and communication services.
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To highlight momentum’s resurgence, the chart below plots factor composite performance relative to the S&P 500 in June (y-axis) and year-to-date (x-axis).
Factors in the top-right quadrant, particularly momentum, have outperformed both in June and YTD. Conversely, value-oriented styles such as dividends, equal weight, and value now lag YTD following significant underperformance in May and June.
Early Q3 data suggests another potential rotation. Small-caps and value are showing signs of renewed strength as growth and momentum valuations begin to soften. Through the first 10 days of July, small-caps are up over 3% compared to less than 1% for the S&P 500, and value has outperformed growth by approximately 0.5%.
We are encouraged by the broadening of market participation. After a highly concentrated 2023 and early 2024, rally breadth is expanding. Last year, only 31% of S&P 500 constituents outperformed the index, driven largely by the “Magnificent 7.” In contrast, 44% of S&P 500 members outperformed through the first half of 2025, and that number continues to grow thanks to small-cap and value strength in July.
This final chart shows GEM Factor Strategy composites relative to broad market benchmarks. Despite modest underperformance vs. the equal-weight S&P 500 in Q2, GEM Factor strategies have delivered strong YTD and long-term returns. International exposure has also added value, aided by a weakening U.S. dollar.
While the past year has been challenging for many factor composites, GEM Factor strategies continue to demonstrate long-term resilience and performance strength.